The originator of the comprehensible output hypothesis, Merrill Swain (Swain, 1985), does not claim that CO is responsible for all or even most of our language competence. Rather, the claim is that "sometimes, under some conditions, output facilitates second language learning in ways that are different form, or enhance, those of input" (Swain and Lapkin, 1995, p. 371). A look at the data, howev...

This study aimed at investigating the relative impact of comprehensible input and comprehensible output on the development of grammatical accuracy and syntactic complexity of Iranian EFL learners’ oral production. Participants were 60 female EFL learners selected from a whole population pool of 80 based on the standard test of IELTS. To investigate the research questions, the participants were ...

The main rivals to the input or comprehension hypothesis are the skill-building and comprehensible output hypotheses. Studies claiming to show that the skill-building hypothesis is correct consist of studies of the impact of grammar instruction and error correction. These studies show only that instruction and correction have a modest impact on tests in which subjects are focused on form. Compr...

Why is the universe comprehensible? How it that we can come to know its regularities well enough exploit them for our own gain? In this essay I argue nature of comprehension lies in mutually agreed upon methodology use attain and on basic stability universe. But also very act itself places constraints what comprehend by forcing us establish a context knowledge. way has managed conspire make obj...